Endoscopic Valve Assembly Surgical Procedure Endoscopic valve assembly surgery is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), severe emphysema, or other lung disorders where hyperinflation and trapped air impair respiratory function. The procedure involves the placement of one-way valves in the airways to redirect airflow, allowing trapped air to escape while preventing further inflation of damaged lung regions. This technique aims to improve lung function, reduce dyspnea, and enhance the patient’s quality of life. Preoperative Preparation Prior to surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted, including pulmonary function tests, imaging studies (CT scans), and bronchoscopic assessment to identify target airways. Patient selection is critical—ideal candidates typically have heterogeneous emphysema with intact interlobar fissures and no significant collateral ventilation. Surgical Technique 1. Anesthesia & Airway Access: The procedure is performed under general anesthesia or deep sedation. A flexible bronchoscope is introduced through the endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask to visualize the bronchial tree. 2. Airway Mapping: The bronchoscope is navigated to the affected lobes, and the target airways are identified using preoperative imaging and intraoperative inspection. 3. Valve Deployment: The endoscopic valve delivery system is advanced through the bronchoscope’s working channel. The one-way valves, typically made of biocompatible materials like silicone or nitinol, are deployed in the segmental or subsegmental bronchi. These valves allow air and mucus to exit during exhalation but close during inhalation, preventing air from re-entering the damaged region. 4. Confirmation & Adjustment: Fluoroscopy or radial EBUS may be used to confirm proper valve placement. If necessary, valves can be repositioned or removed before final deployment. Postoperative Care Patients are monitored for complications such as pneumothorax, COPD exacerbation, or valve migration. Chest X-rays are performed to assess lung expansion and valve position. Most patients are discharged within 24–48 hours with follow-up evaluations to monitor lung function and symptom improvement. Advantages & Considerations Endoscopic valve assembly is less invasive than surgical lung volume reduction, with shorter recovery times and lower morbidity. However, efficacy depends on patient selection, valve placement accuracy, and the absence of collateral ventilation. Potential risks include pneumonia, hemoptysis, or valve expectoration. Conclusion This innovative procedure offers a promising alternative for select patients with advanced emphysema, providing symptom relief and functional improvement while minimizing surgical trauma. Ongoing advancements in valve design and imaging guidance continue to refine its clinical outcomes.